10/7/2023 0 Comments Salt flat![]() ![]() ![]() Computer simulations that embraced the full complexity of the 3-D problem started with no salt crust or polygons and produced something that looks very much like real playas. The equations the researchers used describe the relative salinity of the groundwater, the pressure within the fluid and the speed at which the water circulates. Computer simulations of the fluid dynamics beneath the surface of salt flats demonstrate how the sinking of high-salinity groundwater (purple plumes) forms distinctive polygons on the surface (red is areas with the highest downward flow). Thinner crusts of salt form between, where less salty water upwells, spontaneously making the characteristic polygons shared by playas around the world. The surface above these sheets accrues more salt, so thick salt ridges grow there. Lasser and colleagues showed that over time, the circulation, known as convection, tends to push the descending plumes of saltier water into a network of vertical sheets. That salty water, now denser and heavier, sinks, forcing other less dense water upward. Previous models based on cracking, expansion and other phenomena that describe how mud and rock fracture instead produce polygons with sizes that vary according to crust thickness.Īs groundwater evaporates from the surface, it concentrates salt in the remaining groundwater. Whether the crusts are meter- or millimeter-thick, salt pans feature polygons that are 1 to 2 meters across. That variation seems to be why previous attempts to describe the playas’ patterns failed. And the salt crusts themselves range in thickness from a few millimeters to several meters. Table salt, or sodium chloride, dominates in some playas, but others have more sulfite salts. The type of salt varies from one playa to another. Most striking, this process results in low ridges of concentrated salt that divide the playa into polygons: mostly hexagons with a smattering of pentagons and other geometric shapes. Groundwater seeping up to the surface evaporates, leaving a crust of salts and other minerals that had been dissolved in the water. Salt flats form in places where rainfall is scarce and there’s a lot of evaporation ( SN: 12/5/07). ![]() This 3-D approach was key to explaining the universality of salty polygons. ![]() “Fluid flows and convection underground are uniquely able to explain why the patterns form,” says Lasser, of the Graz University of Technology in Austria. ![]()
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